On the 4th of February, Sri Lanka, an island nation known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and warm hearted people, celebrates its Independence Day. In 2025, Sri Lanka marks the 77th anniversary of its political independence from British colonial rule, a momentous occasion that holds great significance in the hearts of all Sri Lankans. The day is not just a public holiday, but a time to reflect on the sacrifices made by countless individuals who fought for freedom, the resilience of the people, and the country’s journey from colonial rule to self-governance.

The Journey Before 1948

Before Sri Lanka became an independent nation on February 4, 1948, it was under British colonial rule for over 140 years, from 1815 to 1948. The British initially established control over the coastal areas of Sri Lanka in the 18th century, and by 1815, they had taken full control of the entire island. During this period, the British implemented various systems that shaped the island’s political, economic, and social landscape. They introduced tea, coffee, and rubber plantations, while exploiting the island’s natural resources and labor force. However, the British rule was not without resistance from the local population.

The Struggle for Independence

Sri Lankans had long yearned for freedom and self-rule, and their struggle for independence intensified in the early 20th century. The first notable attempt came with the formation of the Ceylon National Congress (CNC) in 1919. The CNC was created to demand reforms and greater autonomy from the British, with leaders like D.S. Senanayake, F.R. Senanayake, and E.W. Perera advocating for constitutional changes.

The push for independence gained significant momentum with the rise of nationalist movements during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1931, the British granted Ceylon (Sri Lanka’s name during colonial times) a new constitution, allowing the country to have a limited form of self-governance. However, full political independence remained elusive.

Key Figures in the Struggle for Independence

Several key individuals played a pivotal role in Sri Lanka’s fight for freedom. Some of the most significant figures include:

• Don Stephen Senanayake (D.S. Senanayake): Known as the “Father of the Nation,” D.S. Senanayake was instrumental in leading the movement toward self-governance and independence. He became the first Prime Minister of Sri Lanka after independence in 1948.
• Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike): Another important figure in Sri Lankan politics, Bandaranaike was a prominent advocate for the rights of the Sinhalese people and played a key role in the push for independence.
• J.R. Jayewardene: Though he became president after independence, J.R. Jayewardene was an active participant in the country’s political life during the struggle for freedom. He went on to serve as the country’s first executive president.
• Lady Ceylon: Women, too, played an important role in the independence struggle. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the first female Prime Minister in the world, would later come into the spotlight as an essential leader, although her role was post-independence.

Independence Achieved on February 4, 1948

After years of persistent struggle, the British government agreed to grant Ceylon independence, largely due to the efforts of these leaders and the rising tide of nationalist sentiment among the people. On February 4, 1948, Ceylon officially became an independent nation. The ceremony took place at Galle Face Green, Colombo, and the British flag was lowered, replaced by the newly designed Sri Lankan flag. Lord Soulbury, the last British Governor of Ceylon, handed over power to D.S. Senanayake, the first Prime Minister of independent Sri Lanka.

Independence Day Celebrations in Sri Lanka

Every year, the Sri Lankan government organizes grand Independence Day celebrations to commemorate the historic achievement. These celebrations are held at various locations across the country, but the main event traditionally takes place at the Independence Square in Colombo. Here, the President of Sri Lanka leads the national ceremony, hoisting the Sri Lankan flag while the national anthem is sung, symbolizing unity and pride for the country’s heritage.

Other celebrations occur at local levels, in schools, towns, and villages, where people come together to honor their history. These include flag hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural performances showcasing the island’s diverse traditions.

Throughout Sri Lanka, Independence Day celebrations are marked by:

• National and local government offices hosting official events.
• Military parades that display Sri Lanka’s defense forces’ strength and discipline.
• Cultural performances and art exhibitions that highlight Sri Lanka’s rich culture and diversity.
• School programs with students participating in various patriotic activities.

Remembering the Heroes of Independence

It is essential to remember the countless individuals, leaders, and unsung heroes who contributed to the independence struggle. They include:

• The Sinhala and Tamil youth who actively participated in protests and demonstrations.
• The working class who tirelessly fought for better rights and conditions, contributing significantly to the nationalist movements.
• The intellectuals and social reformers who paved the way for a modern, free Ceylon, such as C. W. W. Kannangara and Albert F. Peiris, who advocated for education and equality.

Sri Lanka’s Journey After Independence

After gaining independence, Sri Lanka embarked on its journey as a sovereign nation. The country has faced its share of challenges, including political instability, ethnic tensions, and a prolonged civil conflict, but it has emerged as a resilient and vibrant democracy. Over the years, Sri Lanka has made significant progress in various fields such as education, health, and infrastructure.

A Day of Pride and Reflection

The 77th Sri Lankan Independence Day, observed on February 4, 2025, is a day of immense pride for the people of Sri Lanka. It is a day to remember the struggles, the sacrifices, and the heroes who fought for the nation’s freedom. This day marks not just the independence of a country, but the birth of a new chapter in Sri Lanka’s history a chapter filled with hope, resilience, and a deep love for the land and its people.

As we reflect on the hard-won freedom of our beloved island, let us honor the legacy of those who paved the way for a free Sri Lanka. May their courage and vision continue to inspire future generations.

Happy 77th Independence Day to all Sri Lankans from Eduwire and Newswire!

“Freedom is not merely the removal of chains, but the presence of opportunity, unity, and love for one’s country.”